Comparing Making History and Death of a Salesman Essay

‘The tragic hero is a man of noble stature. He is not an ordinary man, but a man with outstanding quality and greatness about him. His own destruction is for a greater cause or principle.’ Aristotle How far is this statement true concerning Willy Loman and Hugh O’Neill? Compare and contrast how heroism is presented in Making History and Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman has no extensive amount of greatness as a character and socially he is a middle-class citizen, he is a very proud man, this personality flaw tends to obstruct his view of reality. Within the Loman household Willy controls his family, in return they look up to him as the man of the household and a symbol of dependence as he is shown to be the prime bread-winner and he constructs a cloudy image to his sons that he is a â€Å"well liked† man in order to inspire them to pursue the ‘American Dream’. Hugh O’Neill, on the other hand, is a much more renowned man within society and his role is great (dissimilar to Willy’s), due to the fact he has a vast amount of power as the Earle of Tyrone. He too has an image to present for his plans to ensue effectively. Willy Loman believes that the only people who achieve are the ones who â€Å"make an appearance in the business world, the man who creates a personal interest, is the man who gets ahead.† Something Willy said to Bernard, an inferior friend of Biff’s who is far less ‘attractive’ but more intelligent, ironically Bernard becomes more successful in further scens of the text. In addition, this illustrates how Willy’s ideals are becoming outdated and obsolete, as the society he is living in requires work to be efficient and the way a person is perceived has no impact on working effectively. Willy’s incapability to overlook aesthetic qualities is one of many flaws he possesses as a character, due to the fact his thoughts have been narrowed by past ideals. Willy hasn’t changed along with the format of the high demand-business world he inhabits; this contributes towards his depression and dissatisfaction with his son Biff, who has so much â€Å"personal attractiveness†. Although this segment of the play is a memory and seemingly light-hearted, the message is a lot deeper and symbolises how shrouded Willy’s views are, Bernard acting as a symbol of this. Arthur Miller uses several character’s to act as symbols or messages, for example it could be argued that Ben, Willy’s older, more successful brother is a metaphor for the ‘American Dream’ as he achieved what neither Willy nor any other Loman have managed. Ben talks of â€Å"diamonds† which are aesthetically attractive, and it could be argued that they are worth s o much due to their appearance, this is very reflective of Willy’s own pride induced views of success. During Act 2, Scene 2 when Hugh â€Å"shuts the book in fury† is symbolic as it represents change within Hugh, in earlier sections of the play Hugh questions Lombard’s intentions when writing said book, and asks â€Å"But you’ll tell the truth?†, and now in the second act he is infuriated by the book as Mabel is not a part of his history and Hugh disregards his usual behaviour to follow instructions. His duty would be to remain true to Lombard’s plan, but his anger towards ‘The History’ book demonstrates Hugh’s personal beliefs becoming a priority whereas beforehand his identity was dependant on his duty. The theme of history reoccurs throughout Friel’s play, the title alone reinforces the idea that Lombard wants to make a history for the Irish to remember, but Hugh wants reality. It could be argued that Hugh’s identity becomes less fragmented as the play ensues. The book Aristotle said that â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall†. Similarly, Willy is aware of his flaws but fails to outwardly admit to doing so, instead he takes a defensive approach and orders his memories in a way to create a reality which does not exist, for example, during Act 2, Scene 5 Willy learns of Bernard’s success and naturally compares him to Biff, (as he always has) who is yet to achieve anywhere near as much as Bernard. When Bernard asks Willy about what happened to Biff, Willy answers â€Å"If a boy lays down is that my fault?† The reason for Willy’s aggressive behaviour in this scene is influenced by the fact he knows that he is the reason for Biff’s loss of ambition. His flaw being brought to the surface, as Willy fails to admit that he is to blame although the audience is shown via facial expressions and changes in vocal tone or physicality e.g. a nervous twitch, to show Willy’s anxiety towards Bernard.

Individual Poem – 1915, Roger McDonald

1915 is a poem written in free form structure which details the conditions, emotions and deaths of Australian soldiers fighting in the trenches, presumably at Gallipoli in World War 1. As opposed to writing in a structure that rhymes, which traditionally provides a joyful flow to a humorous or exciting situation, McDonald has chosen to present this text in the less constrained free form format. This allows him to express the emotion and hardship within the scene he is describing. Using this structure McDonald is able to easily communicate the bleak and somewhat depressive themes of the poem. The key themes McDonald focuses on are death, longing for family back home, the apprehension of being on death’s door and the overall misery that life in the trenches brought to all who served in them. Death is an obvious theme in 1915 as the entire scene is set for an all-out charge ‘over the top’ to attack the enemy. McDonald illustrates a graphic moment where soldiers are cut down by machine gun fire, â€Å"Hard like ice it cracks their shins – They feel a drill and mallet climb their bones, Then cold, then warmth as blood spills from pockets, chests and mouths†. McDonald also uses the machine gun fire as a â€Å"metal voice† saying to the soldiers as it cuts them down, â€Å"Boys relax, as one by one they totter to their knees†. These quotations come from the final stanza of the poem and provide a very visual illustration of death in the reader’s mind. Longing for family back home is another theme explored by McDonald, and is a very common aspect of every soldier’s life in any war. â€Å"Others touch their lips on splintered wood to reach for home† Touching their lips on splintered wood may refer to imagining kissing a loved one that the soldier’s missing, or it could mean that for many of the men it will be the last time they remember their families before they die. McDonald has another reference to home in the third stanza saying, â€Å"As up the scramble, pockets fat with Champion Flake in battered tins, and letters wadded thick from mum (who says ‘always keep some warm clothes on†¦.’)†. Letters from home were the only connection and form of communication any soldier had to back home. These letters would have been one of the most important things to a soldier, as the endless longing to be with one’s family again begins to take a sad, depressive turn, as life in the trenches can bring on severe and in some cases suicidal depression. The third theme McDonald explores in 1915 is the apprehension of being on death’s door. Being in the trenches, waiting for the whistle which orders you ‘over the top’ is an unimaginable feeling to almost anyone. The sheer terror the soldiers must have been feeling is astonishing. McDonald refers to these feelings in the first stanza, â€Å"The crack of knuckles dropped to sooth the heaving in their legs, while some, ashamed, split bile between their teeth and hum to drown out their stomachs†. These descriptive passages set the scene for a brutal battle, and serve as a great insight into the apprehension felt by the Australian Diggers awaiting that deadly whistle blow, to send them to their dooms. The themes explored in 1915 connect with other poems we have studied. Australian Identity and illustrating the question ‘what is it to be Australian?’ are also highlighted in Dawe’s Search and Destroy, Exiles and Life-Cycle. 1915 also reminds me of Dawe’s Katrina, the way Free Form is used to paint a verbal picture of loved ones facing death. As well as Katrina, 1915 also made me think of Dawe’s, On the Death of Ronald Ryan how the poet is able to illustrate to the reader what a person may be feeling as they are about to be killed.

PPACA and its Impact on Medical Surgical Nursing Assignment

PPACA and its Impact on Medical Surgical Nursing - Assignment Example It has empowered the average US citizen, annulled some longstanding lawsuits, socialized medicine and changed the way that health insurance companies operate, preventing the USA from being dragged into further debt. It also has a number of repercussions for the medical and surgical profession in the USA. Key Elements of the Article The article specifically comments on five aspects that affect the medical and surgical area of the nursing profession: 1. Reauthorization of Title VIII Workforce Development Programs: The funding will be reduced for grants that were previously available for racial and ethnic minorities in the workforce, as part of workforce diversity for those having associate diplomas or degrees to enter bridge or degree completion programs. It will also reduce provision for grants to train nurses in primary care in nurse managed health clinics, federally qualified health centers and grants for State partnerships to reduce healthcare workforce issues. These have been redu ced to the levels available in 2004 or 2008. 2. Increased Funding for Nurse Managed Clinics: A significant part of the Law concerns itself with community care. This is usually administered in an acute setting. The new emphasis is on prevention and management of chronic disease. Funding is being debated. In this case, there will be a higher demand for advance practice nurses and many even induce some nurses to enter private practice, contingent on the AMA enhancing NP privileges. The AMA presently feels that extending NP privileges to staff will invade physician turf and 28 State legislatures are contemplating extending this role. It will give the Registered Nurse an excellent opportunity to get the additional education and licensing needed to become an NP. 3. Demonstration Provision for Graduate Nursing Education: This reform also helps graduate nursing students by increasing funding for clinical education. This is in line with the advice of the Institute of Medicine Report 2010 tha t the education, training, roles and responsibilities of nurses should meet the present requirements of increased health care in the USA and the current improvements in the system. Nurses should be engaged with senior professionals to increase their responsibility and role in redesigning healthcare in the USA. In fact it is recommended that nurses undertake a residency program that increases the value of transition from education to practice. Opportunities for additional learning should be sought out by attending annual conferences and participation in free continuing nursing education options such as some programs offered by the American Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN) as a benefit of membership with them (Hertel, 2011). 4. Creation of the National Healthcare Workforce Commission: Under the envisaged changes as a result of this legislation, the expansion of healthcare available to individuals will likely result in an expansion of the nursing workforce. Acute inpatient and outpatient care, home care, palliative care, preventive care, transitional and chronic care among other facets will require more nurses giving more nursing care. The National Healthcare Workforce Commission has been created to monitor the need as well as the growth of the base of nursing professionals and to make recommendations on funding. Hopefully the Commission itself will not be made a victim of budget cuts

PEST Analysis of Nike Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PEST Analysis of Nike - Term Paper Example Political Analysis The US government has sought to create economical policies that are essential to foster the growth and development of business that either are situated or have their headquarters in the United States. Nike is a major beneficiary of these policies that have been implemented by the US government. In order to support the Nike brand, the US government has established fundamental measures that include low interest rates, an international competitive aspect of the tax system, stable economic environment, and vital economical resources for the benefit of the company. This has demonstrated to be a factor in the development of Nike. 1(Thottam, "A New Push against Sweatshops") The nature of the political situation in various countries is a vital factor that has played a part in the growth of Nike into a multinational company. The organization has expanded to China, which boasts of a highly stable government and political environment. It has proven to be a vital factor that h as motivated the US Company to establish a plant in the country to reach a larger audience, especially in the eastern region of the world. Political stability in a country is critical in terms of establishing a solid platform for business growth in a region. A lack of political stability will generate uncertainty regarding a business’ future and hence a company will not seek to develop in a country posing political uncertainty. Economic Analysis The biggest problem that serves to affect the level of a company’s business is recession. When the latter occurred, Nike was adversely affected thus reducing its growth. With the US economy facing a down turn, it has resulted to reduction in consumer purchases. Consequently, this has affected the sales volume for the company. Nevertheless, Nike being a multinational company is able to rely on sales from other regions, particularly Africa, which was not as much affected by the recession 2(Stepp, "Nike is Right"). The main proble m with the case of the recession is that it affected other regions such as Asia and Europe. Nike has a high volume of sales in Asia and Europe, in comparison to Africa. The fact that Asia has a high population density and Europe has popular sports brands, the sales level was adversely affected. Nike was among the companies that suffered from this recession. The recession limited the growth of the company, and may have resulted in the company having to close a number of stores in various regions to avoid continuous loses. Aspects such as labor costs and materials for production were increasing, which meant that Nike was constantly in the red (recording losses). If the situation continues with the weakening of the Euro and the Asian currencies, Nike may be in a recession as well based on shrinking growth, and Africa may not be the ideal solution in maintaining company sales (until Africa is eventually affected by the Recession). Society Analysis The general trend in society is the con cern on health. The major stereotype in the United States is the fact that there are an increasing number of obese individuals. This has led to the increase in individuals joining fitness clubs. Nike can seek to capitalize on this factor by selling merchandise that is essential to those seeking to join fitness clubs. Shoes, overalls and accessories such as water bottles

DRM and digital media in the Cloud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DRM and digital media in the Cloud - Essay Example Successful media services such as Netflix, Amazon, and Apple embrace modernized DRM systems in distribution their apps, music, and movies (The Verge, 2012). In effect, the widespread uses of the DRMs have resulted to erosion in its restrictive nature. For instance with iTunes sharing of apps, movies and books has become easy as long as the registration of the devices takes place with Home sharing. Therefore, the advanced and complicated DRMs have made no progress in countering media privacy since the users do not recognize their existence. They seemingly appear to be invisible yet the media companies spend a lot of time and money in building these DRM systems. The thief therefore ignores the systems and it is invisible to the user (The Verge, 2012). Ultra Violet’s position in the market reinforces the argument. Ultraviolet is a global DRM system, which coordinates DRM systems for purposes of linking them together (Wee Siong, K, Markus, B, and Kian Lee, 2011, 249). Ultraviolet lacks the capability to do away with media piracy since it allows sharing of media to other compatible apps and devices as long as the user has centralized rights token given after purchasing the media (The Verge, 2012). Additionally, it lacks the capacity to stop determined pirates who find around the system and accessing the said media through other channels such as through Bit Torrent. In conclusion, although the business of movie production would not be profitable unless utilizing DRMs, it seems to dropping them altogether would be simpler. It lack of flexibility and inability to stop media piracy does not justify the millions of dollars and time consumed in building the

Interpersonal Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal Styles - Essay Example She had to wake up early in the morning to settle the personal activities. She had make food for the kids, ready them and leave them to school. After settling with the children, she had to arrange to join the work. As a railway accounts clerk, she has various sensitive responsibilities to maintain the accounts records proficiently and accurately. She has to keep extreme presence of mind and sharp thinking capability, which are essential to deliver competitive work performance. The proper maintenance and updating of accounting records are very much essential for building competitive advantage and for the profitable growth of the organization. Linda hobbies are to read various kinds of food making books. She also read those books because she is fond of cooking. In free time, she used to watch comedy and reality shows for reviving from stress and recreation. She had two Kids named Lina and Tom who are fond of watching cartoon shows, which inherits them with enjoyment and happiness in their life. Linda use to be formal in wear with gowns and sandals in professional place whereas at home and other social events she puts on casual appearance with jeans, t-shirts and boots. Kids have variation in dresses in relation to school and other places. In school, Tom used to be dressed with yellow T-shirts and white pants whereas Lina puts on frocks. Linda and her two kids Lina and Tom have shown varied differences in their interpersonal styles. Three of the individuals as human nature vary according to the psychological effects that arise in their life. Lina shows assertive interpersonal style when her mother does not call her to go to school. She used to enjoy and play with her friends the whole day. Her mother brings various toys to play and comedy books for reading for the children. Conversely, shows aggressive interpersonal styles when one of the above requirements are not fulfilled.

Causes of Lung Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Causes of Lung Cancer - Essay Example Dr. Oscar Auerbach and his colleagues conducted research (stretched over eight years) to investigate the link between lung cancer and smoking. 1500 male and female patients of lung cancer were studied and 100,000 slides of lung tissues were taken from their bodies. The degree of cancer cells was more in patients who were smokers as compared to those who were not. The research’s findings were that the degree of cell damage was directly related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Dr. Auerbach’s researched data contributed to the Surgeon General’s report which was published in 1964 (Adams). After that time period, it was very common to associate lung cancer with smoking. Causes Studies targeted at deriving a relationship between cigarettes and lung cancer started in 1948 at Washington University’s School of Medicine and a student named Ernst Wynder tried connecting the dots. He did research in 1950 that involved 649 lung cancer patients and 600 contro ls. Wynder discovered that the rate of lung cancer was 40 times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Richard Doll was a British scientist who discovered (in the same year) evidence supporting the causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Doll researched on physicians, both who smoked and did not smoke and waited for years to see if any of them developed lung cancer. Undoubtedly the ones who did develop lung cancer were smokers (Johnson). There were a total of 158,900 deaths in the USA in 1999 because of lung cancer and this figure included men and women both. The death toll for lung cancer patients in 1999 world over was 1 billion. But lung cancer was not this common in the 1800s and it was rare. In 1929, a German physician named Fritz Lickint pointed out in his report that lung cancer patients were majorly smokers and he was so disturbed by his findings that he started an anti-tobacco movement in Germany to discourage smoking (Witschi). Before 1996, studies on causes of lung cancer-derived a relationship between lung cancer and smoking but the causes of lung cancer were not narrowed down to the cellular level. In 1996, Dr. Moonshong Tang and Dr. Gerd Pfeiffer explained how smoking affects cells and causes cancer. Both the doctors explained that cigarettes contain a chemical called benzopyrene and it damages p53, a protein found in lung cells. This protein is exactly the same as the protein found in lung cancer patients. The function of p53 is that it controls the abnormal growth of cells which can result in tumors. Benzopyrene damages p53 and the abnormal growth of cells cannot be controlled because of this (Adams). Specialists have worked on deriving a causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer. But epidemiological research has been done predominantly for deriving this relationship. Under epidemiological research, subjects are given the freedom of self-reporting their smoking habits and they do not have good memories as a result of which facts are under- or overstated. Smoking can cause other types of cancer as well: such as nasal cavity cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer. Lung cancer can be caused by all forms of smoking such as cigarettes, cigars, pipes or bidis (tobacco wrapped in a plant). When we say smoking causes cancer people generally assume that we are referring to active smoking. This is not plausible as lung cancer is also caused by passive smoking (Connie Henke Yarbro).

ISO 9001 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ISO 9001 - Coursework Example Quality Assurance (Oakland 1995) is a planned and systematic approach to ensure the quality of the product through prevention of quality problems. Total Quality Management is an organisation wide philosophy aimed at identifying and achieving the needs and expectations of all the stakeholders, with an underlying principle of continual improvement. Quality Management System (BS EN ISO 9001:2008) is a complex web of the tangible and intangible assets of an organisation. An organisation is greatly influenced by its business environment (Kotler & Keller 2006) which is made up of the micro and macro environments. The micro environment is a set of factors which are unique to the individual organisation. It consists of the organisation’s internal values, super ordinate goals, employees, customers, distribution and other intermediaries and the public, at large. Macro environment factors are uncontrollable and affect all organisations, irrespective of nature, size and industry. The vari ous elements such as the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, demographic, international, physical etc. comprise this phenomenon. 1.2) List the reasons for implementing a Quality Management System (at least 5).   Quality Management Systems (QMS) has become a requisite in today’s hyper-competitive world. By means of a transparent and clear authority-responsibility hierarchy, the quality of leadership and management is improved resulting in a more effective organisation. This also lays the foundation for enhanced employee commitment and satisfaction and a sense of organisational ownership is fostered. There is a remarkable improvement in the quality of products which leads to greater customer satisfaction. All these benefits add up to a better corporate image with the stakeholders of the organisation such as shareholders, internal and external customers, distributors and supply chain intermediaries, government and society, at large. It is a source of sustainabl e competitive advantage. 1.3) What are the requirements for the successful implementation of a QMS within a company?   QMS to be successful must have the blessings of the top management. Quality is not a one shot activity and is resource driven. Strategic leadership, co-operation and involvement of all the employees, barring none, are the keys to effective implementation. Patience is a virtue and any undue haste or short cuts would prove detrimental to the QMS cause. Clear and elaborate documentation eases the entire quality effort. Regular monitoring and review paves the way for success of the QMS initiative. 1.4) Discuss organisational versus process approaches to the implementation of a QMS.   Two major approaches to implementation of QMS are the Organisational and the Process approaches. The organisational approach to QMS represents an organisation wide effort to produce and deliver quality products and services to its customers. All the four factors of production namely men , material, money and management contribute to the overall effort of achieving its goals and objectives. Based on the Agree-Say-Do-Improve (ISO 9001: 2008) cycle, it enables an organisation to obtain a clear perspective on what needs to be done and provides an understanding of the structure and requirements of the ISO standard. The first stage involves a clear understanding of what exactly

English Composition Essay Example for Free

English Composition Essay The term juvenile delinquent is best defined as young defender, or a wrongdoer. A person who transgresses moral or civil law. (Audioenglish. net) There are many different theories on the causes of crime and bad behavior. Youth crime is a major issue and receives a great amount of attention from the news media and many politicians today. A juvenile delinquent is one who continuously commits crimes. Usually a juvenile will sometimes commit the same crimes that were done to them to others. An example would be bullying in school. Maybe the juvenile was bullied as well. They also sometimes have mental disorders or behavioral disorders. Students who experience excessive suspension and expulsion are more likely to become part of the school to prison pipeline (Fenning Rose, 2007). Now being examined is the issue of the school to prison pipeline and trying to understand how students who drop out (or are pushed out) of high school are more likely to enter the prison system (Fine, 1991). Students feel pushed out of school because of actions or barriers put up by their school. The student may end up feeling like they don’t belong in school, or do not fit in, or they are not smart enough to be in school. This then pushes them towards the streets and into bad behavior that leads them to becoming a juvenile delinquent. According to Brownstein, the zero tolerance is a failed approach. This policy is used to mandate predetermined consequences for rule infractions, regardless of the circumstances; its initially aimed at making schools safe. The best way to prevent serious violence at school, the theory went, was to ban any and all weapons of threats of violence, and accept no excuses. Browstein, 2010). Zero tolerance policies may be contributing to teen violence. Suspensions and expulsions in public schools have increased dramatically. Between 1974 and 2006, the rate at which U. S. students were suspended and expelled from school nearly doubled from 3. 7% of students in 1974 to . 1% of students in 2006. It is estimated that over 100,000 students were expelled and 3,300, 000 students were suspended at least once in the 2005-2006 school year which is an 8% increase in suspensions and a 15% increase in expulsions since the 2001-2001 school year. Brownstein, 2010) Today schools are getting carried away with the zero tolerance policy somewhat. Instead of helping to resolve a simple conflict in which they would call home for, they are now calling law enforcement. Too many school incidents that can be handled by the school are now being taken care of by the police and courts. ( Brownstein, 2010) An example given in the article talked about how a Columbus, GA teen student was expelled for violating school rules by talking to his mother whom he had not spoken to in thirty days, on his cell phone while at school. His mother was on deployment as a soldier in Iraq. It is common sense that the choice of disciplinary action was extremely harsh. There is no way to justify expelling this student given the circumstances of the phone call. Therefore, this example surely helps you to see exactly how this zero tolerance policy is indeed failing our children. Trying to get you to understand that yet the policy is put in place to protect the school faculty and other students from violent behavior from certain students, it is also being used in incidents that do not need to be presented to law enforcement. Expulsion and suspension disciplinary action is not making our schools safer or more academically sound. In fact, schools with high rate expulsion and suspensions usually have less satisfactory school ratings according to the American Psychological Association. This suggests to me that it also contributes to children becoming juvenile delinquents due to harsh punishment and the things that they are currently dealing with in their personal lives. I will point out how African American students are suspended at nearly three times the rate and expelled at 3. times the rate of white students, according to the U. S. Department of Educations Office of Civil Rights. Latino students are 1. 5 times as likely to be suspended when compared to white peers. It seems that the white students get referred to the office at a higher rate than students of color for offenses such as smoking, vandalism, leaving without permission, and obscene language. African-American and Latino students are referred for discipline at a higher rate than their white peers for disrespect, excessive noise, and loitering. Brownstein, 2010) These behaviors you would think would seem to rely on subjective judgment on the part of educators. Maybe this is part of the reason why most students of color are failing in school and become juvenile delinquents somewhere along the line. They are hardly allowed the chance to stay in class if they are consistently disciplined harshly over fairly minor infractions that can be handled by the parents and teacher alone. Educators need to take the time out to think about what they are disciplining a student for, and how they are disciplining them and the consequences that lie ahead if you are too harsh. It is the same way when it comes to a parent raising children. You must know when you are being too excessive when it comes to punishment. Conclusion Promote the students positive behavior more and maybe the outcome will be different. Behavior begins at home. Parents come first when it comes to making sure your child/children act accordingly in public. It is a group effort also if you are taking on the responsibility of teaching someones child. You cant just give up on the child, or take the easiest route such as harsh discipline. There has to be a system put in place in the home and in the schools to turn around bad behavior to avoid our children being introduced to the jail system turning them into juvenile delinquents. There also must be a system put in place in the home and school to look at certain incidents that happen in school not all in the same light. How we raise our children will be the result you get out of the situation. Strive to raise them the right way, and educators should stop relying on law enforcement to handle what can be handled between themselves, the student and the parents.

South African Investment Essay Example for Free

South African Investment Essay In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, Caltex (an affiliate oil refinery of Texaco and SoCal) started their operations in South Africa. In this paper, I will identify and explain the benefits and the negatives as to why Caltex should build there plant in South Africa. I will also discuss how I would vote on three of the resolutions made by the stockholder’s as well as discuss how the managers of Texaco and SoCal should have responded. Finally, I will address the management responsibilities as it relates to this case. Utilitarian benefits of building the Caltex plant in 1977 When Texaco and SoCal decided to build there refinery plant, Caltex, in South Africa in 1977, there was much to consider. First of all, the South Africa was ruled by government upheld apartheid legislation. According to the textbook, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, the apartheid system, â€Å"deprived the entire Black population of all political and civil rights: They could not vote, could not hold political office, could not unionize, and had no right to freedom of assembly,† (Velasquez, p. 8). Despite this obstacle, Caltex was built and began operations. Caltex believed that by opening operations in South Africa they could provide the people with some economic opportunities that they could not have if they did not. According to the case study, â€Å"the managements of both Texaco and SoCal argued that Caltex was committed to improving the economic working conditions of its black employees and their continued pre sence in South Africa did not constitute and ‘endorsement’ of South Africa’s ‘policies’,† (para. 5). By declaring that there presence in South Africa was in no way evident in support with the government policies, Caltex gave the impression of a utilitarianism approach. According to the textbook, utilitarianism is â€Å"a general term for any view that holds that actions and policies should be evaluated on the basis of the benefits and costs they will impose on society,† (Velasquez, p. 61). Caltex upheld the belief that the benefits they provide to its employees outweigh the fact that they are conducting business in an oppressed nation. In my opinion, I think that that the benefits outweighed the negatives. Even though the South African government was morally wrong for oppressing the majority of its citizens, Caltex brought an opportunity to the region that had the promise of not only economic promise for the organization, but also the opportunity to show the people of South Africa what it is like to be equal and not discriminated. Also, there presence no doubt brought on political change and opened the eyes to the other nations of the world as to the oppression present in South Africa. If I were a stockholder in Texaco or Standard Oil Despite of all the benefits and the promises that Caltex could have provided to the people in South Africa, the shareholders still encouraged management to withdraw their operations from South Africa. As a result, the stockholders proposed three resolutions to which they would vote on and decide the future of Caltex’s operations in South Africa. The first resolution (A) was asking Caltex to terminate its operations in South Africa. The second (B) asked Caltex not to sell to the military or police of South Africa. The last resolution (C) asked Caltex to implement the Tutu principles. I believe that as a shareholder invested in my company, I would want to portray us as a responsible organization that will work with the host country to find a common ground rather than be charged with a serious crime. C. FAVOR. Tutu’s principles are something that I would definitely be in favor for. According to the case study, Bishop Tutu’s principles â€Å"outlined several conditions of the investment which would enable Caltex and other U. S. companies to make such a ‘positive contribution to improving economic and social opportunities’,† (para. 4). These principles would be exactly what I would like my company to portray because they contribute to human rights and equal opportunities to all races. Manager’s responses In regards to the resolutions proposed by the stockholders, I believe the manager’s responses should be as follows: A. The manager’s should have also not been in favor of this resolution. In this case, the manage ment needs to consider that the utilitarian benefits do actually outweigh the negatives and oppression the South African government has over its citizens. B. The manager’s responses to this resolution should be weighed very carefully. Even though they may not agree with the practices of the government and may think they are an aid to unwanted practices, they still need to consider there reputation and the consequences that can result from not being cooperative. In my opinion, the manager’s should have responded by communicating the need to work with the government to their stakeholders as well as find some type of resolution with the government. C. The management should embrace the Tutu principles. If the management is really dedicated to the ideals and principles of their institution then they should know that these principles are about the people and their well-being. They should make any adjustments necessary to make sure the principles are upheld. Management responsibilities (i. e. , duties) In my opinion, I believe the management of a company does have the responsibility beyond ensuring a high return for its stockholders. In this case, the responsibility of the management is to make sure that the principles and business ethics that they have developed as an organization is upheld at all costs. Just because the stockholders wanted to see their company disassociate themselves from a country that they did not see as ideal, it is still imperative that the management stick to there own ideals and principles regardless of where they are. On the other hand, I do not believe that the management of a company should look primarily to the law and to the rate of return on its investment as the ultimate criteria for deciding what investments it should make. Companies should always consider the economical and social circumstances in the region to which they decide to invest their company. Conclusion This paper outlined why I believe the utilitarian benefits outweighed the negative circumstances for the building of Caltex in South Africa. I have also provided my own views as to what I would do if I were a stockholder in the company as well as what the manager’s should have done in response to the resolutions. Finally, I gave my point of view as to what the manager’s responsibilities are when dealing with stockholders and investments. Caltex was in a difficult place as they had to deal with their stockholders and the government of South Africa in order to conduct their business, but the most important thing they had was the opportunity to show the oppressed people of South Africa what it was like to be an equal member of an institution.

Seeking Economic Growth with Long Run Interest

Seeking Economic Growth with Long Run Interest Pursuit of economic growth For any country, in order to develop it is essential that it has to produce many goods and services. Economic growth is the main target that every country is aiming for. However, the road for the growth of economics for any country has its gains and problems. This essay will examine the advantages and the disadvantages of pursuing the economic growth in the long run interest. In order to examine to topic, it is important to how to measure economic growth and why economic growth of a country happens. Economic growth is measured by the annual percentage rate of a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is determined by the market value of goods and services which are manufactured by the economy during a certain period of time. It is considered to be â€Å"the most fundamental indicator of an economy’s health† (The guardian, 2006)(1). For example, United Kingdom, which is a developed country, has a GDP level of 2.472 trillion dollar by 2012 (Worldbank)(2). The main reason of economic growth is the consistent growth of demand. This can be caused by an massive growth of money expenditure. This is because if the government lowered interest rates to try and make people buy more and spend less. People will go out and borrow money to buy houses and cars, which they would normally not be able to afford because their income cannot help the m to pay with normal interest. This results in economic growth. However, this only can help countries to pursuit economic growth in the short run. In order to pursuit in the long run, there are number of requirement that needs to be met. Firstly, natural resources are important, especially land. If a country has many natural resources, this will give it a strong boost in the pursuit. Secondly, in a world nothing is free; it is required capital to pursuit the growth. Thirdly, the greater the level of growth, the more demand from the labour. Government need to spend more government expenditure (taxes) on education in order to help people to have more business skills, which is essential in the long run. Every issue always has two-side. Economic growth also has benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, there are a number of advantages for pursuit economic growth. First, economic growth helps the people to increase their income. The more economic growth gets, the higher demand for labour require producing more goods and services, which means more job opportunities. Economic growth will make people want to consume more. If the rate of population growth is smaller than economic growth outstrips population growth, real income per head will be increased. This may result to a higher level of consumption of goods and services which is required to satisfy because people now have more money to spend. Consequently, higher expectations will begin to appear. Organisations will need more investment in order to improve their productivity. Investment is required to make improvements and make the obsolete disappear. The more economy grows the more investment it will attract because country with high GDP rate brings more confidence to investors. Because of the rise in demand, the level of output will be increased. In order to meet the targets, firms will need more labour workforce. Therefore, more people will be employed so people .Consequently, people are able to afford higher quality goods and service to satisfy their needs. Furthermore, the level of unemployment will be reducing due to the higher outcome manufacturer require more labour forces. Secondly, economic growth also improves better standards of living. With the increase of consumption of goods and services, society gets more money to improve standards of living. Economic growth helps government to differentiate income from the rich to the poor without losing. The money gained from taxes can be used to fight against poverty and improve services. Government can spend more money on public services such as National Health Care (NHS), education and the environment†¦ With more money which is spent on health care servi ce, this improves quality of life through treating diseases and life expectancy. With the increase quality of health care, people can live longer. Therefore, it is possible to produce more goods and services. Education is the most crucial determinant element of welfare. The more money is spent on education, the higher goods and services organisations can manufacture due to higher degree of workforce. Furthermore, education makes people understand the importance of preserving the environment. When people became richer, people are able to afford to take care of the environment. People are more concerned about the environment where they are living. Therefore, new regulations have been introduced by the government to ensure that people have a clean environment (for example, the Clean Air Act to prevent the Great Smog in 1952 from happening again). With the increase of real GDP, people can use more resource to limit the use of natural resources and promote renewable resources. The govern ment can promote recycling through education. However, economy growth still has downside despite its advantages. On the other hand, it cannot be denied that there are a number of disadvantages because of economic growth. Firstly, the risk of high inflation always comes with economic growth. If demand is more than supply, this will make the price set to increase. This happens to most developing countries with high population level. India is a good example to examine. India is one of countries which has high population level and has a booming economy. However, with the high demand which is more than supply the price has been risen. Therefore, manufactures with higher cost have to raise the price of their goods and services too. It is said that â€Å"India has been struggling to control what is Asias highest inflation level, which was running at about 10% last year† (bbc, 2014)(3). This make rupee which is currency of India loses its value by 14%. Two-third of the population of India only has two dollars to spend a day. Due to the lack of income, people in India have to consume less goods a nd services, which may lead the close down of factories. This make the unemployment level go up significantly. This may leads to an increase in crime However, if the factories are not closed, people will have work more hours to produce more goods to reach the point that supply is equal to demand. Consequently, this will make employees upset. In order to deal with the rise of inflation, the Indian government has to increase the interest rate (ft, 2014).(4) Therefore, the inflation will fall. This will helps the Indian government in order to lower the demand, which will make price go down. Secondly, economic growth might cause unemployment. In order to produce more goods and services, people are always looking for new ways to increase productivity. This makes the economy become more industrial. Therefore, no matter how talent employees are or have many years of experiment, they will always become obsolete. Also, with development of technology machines now can manufacture more than hum an, which is reduced cost in the long run. Therefore, old obsolete job will be replaced by new job. This may result in high unemployment rate. Thirdly, economic growth may make the gap between the rich and the poor become wider. People who have high level of skills will look for job which pay them most in order to be satisfied. Therefore, people always tend to go to developed country so they have can have the job they want. For example, people who have high level of experiment will not stay at Greece which is in crisis and look for job opportunities. They will go to other developed countries such as United Kingdom, Germany, or Spain in order to get the job which they want. Consequently, developed countries always have more and better staff than developing countries. So, developed countries will always produce more goods and services. This makes the gap between them become wider. Finally, economic growth always results in pollution. With the demand to produce more natural resources w ill be forced to be run out. The resource of the world is limited. For example, trees will be cut down more in order to build more factories to manufacture, which leads to deforestation. Therefore, the level of CO2 which is released into the atmosphere will increase significantly. It cannot be denied the global warming has become one of the most serious environmental issues that we have to deal with. Because of the rise of temperature, the Arctic ice has melted. Consequently, this threats not only to coral reefs worldwide but also to land resources, which means we will have less land to use. In order to pursuit economic growth, both developed and developing have already damaged the environment. Most of the developing countries used to have problems with air pollution. For example, in 1952, England had suffered air pollution. The smog had killed many people. To prevent this disaster from happening again in the future, the Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968. It is said that â€Å"these acts banned emissions of black smoke and decreed residents of urban areas and operators of factories must convert to smokeless fuels† (metoffice).(5)For developing countries, water pollution is the main problem. Many factories decided to reduce their cost by pouring industrial waste into the river. For example, in 2008, the authority had discovered that Vedan Vietnam which is a company produce monosodium glutamate (MSG) had been illegally released wastewater in Thi Vai River for 14 years, which killed the river’s system. This results not only in the death of thousands shrimps and fish of farmers but it also ruined farmland along side of the river. Furthermore, it affected the health the farmers who live near river.(abc,2010).(6) In conclusion, after examine the benefits and drawbacks of pursuit economic growth, continuing growth in the economy would let the countries to gain many potential benefits such as raising the living standards, reducing the level of unemployment and attract more investment into the country. Nether less, it cannot be denied it has many drawbacks. However in saying this, different circumstances and scenarios require different approaches. Every country must pursuit economic growth with the right pace. If the growth goes too rapid, the risk of high inflation rate will become higher. Therefore, the governments play an important role in the pursuit in the long run. They needs to spend more money on public sector such transport, communication and health care. They also need to control the interest rate to prevent the inflation rate from going up too high. And finally, strict regulations need to be introduced in order to preserve the environment and it is crucial to invest more money into re search alternative in order that alternative energy will replace natural energy. Reference Sally Bolton and Stefanie Khaw. (2006).economic growth.Available: http://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/jul/10/ukeconomy.globalrecession. Last accessed 16th feb 2014. Available at http://data.worldbank.org/country/united-kingdom. Last accessed 16th feb 2014. India raises interest rates rise to stem inflation.Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25923743. Last accessed 16th feb 2014. Amy Kazmin. (2014).India raises interest rates to combat inflation.Available: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/18dc0d04-87e7-11e3-a926-00144feab7de.html#axzz2tcm66adN. Last accessed 16th feb 2014. The Great Smog of 1952.Available: http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/teens/case-studies/great-smog. .Last accessed 16th feb 2014 bo hill. (2010).Firm pays up after pollution destroyed river.Available: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-08-12/firm-pays-up-after-pollution-destroyed-river/942224. Last accessed 16th feb 2014 lipsey chrystal (2011).economics. 12th ed. oxford: oxford university press. 601-624.

Romanticism in Young Goodman Brown Essay example -- essays research pa

Romanticism and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romanticism was a literary movement that occurred in the late eighteenth century to the mid nineteenth century which shifted the focus of literature from puritan works, to works which revolved around imagination, the beauty of nature, the individual, and the value of emotion over intellect. The ideas of the movement were quite revolutionary as earlier literature was inhibited by the need to focus on society and the rational world it effected. Romanticism allowed writers to be more creative with there stories and to explore an irrational world which before, would have been at the very least frowned upon if not outright rejected. The short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an example of a romantic work because it showcases the individual over society, exalts emotion and intuition over reason, and keeps a strong focus on nature throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A romantic work focuses on the individual and his inner struggles as well as his external conflict. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† accomplished this through the title character whose journey is followed over the course of the story. Though Young Goodman Brown meets many others on his trip, the focus never wavers from him and his internal struggle. For instance, when Goodman Brown witnesses the minister and deacon riding into the wilderness, the story immediately cuts to his reaction to them, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown caught hold...

Two-Way Monologues An examination of Keneally?s The Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith through Friel?s Translations :: essays research papers

Two-Way Monologues An examination of Keneally’s The Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith through Friel’s Translations If medium is the message, as suggested by Marshall McLuhan, much can be said about the difference between a novel and a play. As he explains, the medium is an extension of human facility, â€Å"The wheel...is an extension of the foot. The book is an extension of the eye... Clothing, an extension of the skin...† (McLuhan). Thomas Keneally’s novel The Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith explains this phenomenon as Jimmy’s chant. It is not only what drives Jimmy, but it is a manifestation of proven and perceived social malfunctions. This chant is an extension of Jimmy, and it is therefore his message. Where Keneally is able to flesh out a complex main character with intense actions and conflicting inner monologues in his novel, Brian Friel is restricted to the format of a play in Translations. Using this medium, Friel must elaborate different emotions through different characters, many of whom have attributes similar to Jimmy Blacksmith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At their core, both stories are fictionalized accounts of true events. British imperialism is the similar theme in each, and both elaborate on the destruction of society and the reaction of the indigenous peoples. Translations illustrates the attempted dissolution of the Irish culture by British solders. Map makers are sent to survey and re-inscribe the entire island of Ireland. This is clearly an attempt at revising history, and erasure of the Irish’s sense of the past. In this case, the existence of culture acts as the medium, and is an extension of their way of life. More specifically names of towns on the maps are quickly being translated from Irish to English, effectively changing both the medium, and the message. This cultural genocide is something that is comparable to the human genocide that prefaced The Chant of Jimmy Blacksmith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a large percentage of aboriginal tribes were destroyed by the British in Australia, the remaining natives were subject to horrible treatment; effectively killing their spirit and their history. The result of these actions are reflected upon Jimmy Blacksmith. He is pulled between different factions, but is truly guided by an ominous and treacherous voice. Keneally is able to develop an extremely complex character within the breadth of the novel, where as Friel had to work within the limits of writing a play. He is unable to express deep narration or inner monologues within the confines of a stage, so his solution is to represent different perspectives through naturally one sided characters.

Bahamian Society Essay

Issues That Arise In Bahamian Society When Educated Bahamians Decide To Live In Other Countries The Bahamas is in danger of being overtaken by foreigners. Although this statement is fallacious in context, many Bahamians today would not necessarily disagree with it. That, inevitably though, is a situation that the Bahamas can be faced with if educated Bahamians continue to migrate to other countries at a high rate. This migration, better known by the term ‘Brain Drain,’ is and will always be a part of society where educated people leave their native developing countries and seek out more wealthy, opportunistic countries. As noted in the article Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries, â€Å"nearly one in 10 tertiary-educated adults born in the developing world — between a third and half of the developing world’s science and technology personnel — now live in the developed world† (Sriskandarajah). Although the idea of moving to a more wealthy country can be beneficial to the Bahamians that are migrating personally, there are some problems that can arise in the Bahamian society as a result of this. When educated Bahamians decide to live in countries outside the Bahamas, it can hamper development in the country, effect family relationships, and can leave the country vulnerable to foreign manipulation. Educated Bahamians are needed in the Bahamas to further develop the country innovatively. If these Bahamians decide to migrate to other countries, then there could grow to be a great discrepancy in the overall progress of development in the Bahamas because of their absence in the labour force. According to Simon in the article, Bring Home Bahamian Talent, getting access to those skilled Bahamians living abroad and their resourcefulness is crucial to the National Development of the Bahamas (par 3). The Bahamas cannot continue to primarily focus on tourism as its major contributor to the economy when the amount of competition present in the Caribbean continues to grow and major tourism contributing countries such as the United States of America are still recovering from a drastic recession. Komolafe affirms that, â€Å"We must expand our industries to provide job and entrepreneurship opportunities for Bahamians outside of tourism and financial services, which are heavily dependent upon the stability and prosperity of the U.S., E.U. and Canadian economies† (Par 9). This is one of the reasons why Intelligent Bahamians with an entrepreneurship mindset are needed in the Bahamas. In the article, The Bahamian Business Structure: A New Look at our Economy, it states that â€Å"this country (the Bahamas) already has a long history of entrepreneurship and capital formation† (Coulson). Bahamians with this entrepreneurship mentality and drive are the leaders that the Bahamas must retain and motivate to create new business ventures and develop more innovative opportunities for themselves as well as for other Bahamians to find meaningful employment. Family relationships are also affected when educated Bahamians leave their native country and migrate to other countries. Communication is a key factor when dealing with this situation. A household can be greatly affected when, for instance, a parent migrates to another country seeking employment, and leaves their husband/wife in the Bahamas to be a single parent. Even though there might be constant verbal communication between the migrated parent and his/her family, if the overseas job becomes demanding time wise, their absence will be felt in the home and can put an emotional strain on the relationship of the family. That lack of a proper family structure and guidance can also affect the children as they can become susceptible to the influence of society and their peers. This correlation is important because when children become exposed to the realities of society such as violence and peer pressure that is where some can fall astray. Juvenile delinquency is becoming an increasingly serious social ill in the Bahamas whereas, for instance the article, Jveniles Accused of Crimes Jumped 79% in 09, notes that â€Å"The number of juveniles accused of committing crimes in 2009 increased dramatically by almost 80 percent compared to 2008, according to Acting Director of Rehabilitative and Welfare Services Quintin Gray.† Another issue that can be caused by the absence of educated Bahamians in the Bahamas is that it can create an opportunity for foreigners to stream into the Bahamas. This can become a situation that foreign countries seeking to make bonds and gain ties with the Bahamas and its government can take advantage of. Although this idea does not seem detrimental on the surface, the implications of it can lead to corruption and foreign manipulation in the Bahamas. With foreign direct investment on the rise year after year, â€Å"inflows to the Bahamian economy increased by 48.7 per cent to $977 million during 2010,† the Government must realize that such a heavy reliance on foreign influences increases the vulnerability of the Bahamas (Hartnell). Many major tourism projects such as Baha Mar and the new Thomas A. Robinson stadium are being heavily funded by foreign investments which at some point in time must be compensated for by the government. As quoted in the article, Bahamas ‘Polarised By A Dual Economy’, â€Å"These foreign policies have created a dual economy: ‘foreign economy’ and the ‘Bahamian economy’, where the former is dominant and rising, and the latter is subordinate and sinking† (Hartnell). With the government in full support of foreign direct investment the advantages of being a foreigner in the Bahamian marketplace seems to outweigh that of being a local Bahamian looking to enter and prosper in this marketplace. In conclusion, in order to reduce the chances of these problems caused in the Bahamian Society when educated Bahamians migrate to other countries, the Bahamian government must find a solution that would encourage educated Bahamians to want to stay in the Bahamas and assist with the economic growth of the country. Also, these intelligent Bahamians who have and will eventually leave the Bahamas and migrate to another country should understand that the Bahamas does have the opportunities available to support their creative ideas and The Bahamas, being one of the richest independent countries in the Caribbean, is a place where they can find prosperity and a satisfactory place for employment. The Bahamas is considered a part of the ‘Developing world’ for a reason, it is still in the process of growth and finding its identity in the global marketplace, thus requiring those locals that are highly educated and trained to produce for their country and take the leadership role. Works Cited â€Å"Bring Home Bahamian Talent.† Bahama Pundit. 9 Nov. 2010. 14 Feb. 2012 Coulson Richard. â€Å"The Bahamian Business Structure: A New Look at our Economy.† The Nassau Institute. 12 July. 2003. 17 Feb. 2012 Hartnell Neil â€Å"Bahamas ‘polarised by a dual economy’.† The Tribune. 8 Oct. 2009. 15 Feb. 2012 Hartnell Neil. â€Å"Foreign Investment Rises 49% To $977M.† The Tribune. 28 July. 2011. 15 Feb. 2012 â€Å"Juveniles accused of crimes jumped 79% in ’09.† 6 May. 2010. 19 Feb. 2012 Komolafe Arinthia. â€Å"The Bahamian Dream Pt.1.† The Nassau Guardian. 20 Jan. 2012. 15 Feb 2012 Sriskandarajah Dhananjayan. â€Å"Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries.† Migration Information Source. Aug. 2005. 17 Feb. 2012

Existentialism vs. Naturalism in Native Son Essay

When I was recently suffering from the dreaded sweet tooth syndrome, I hadn’t the slightest clue that the result would lead to a personal and universal philosophical debate worthy of comparison to Richard Wright’s Native Son. I found a bag of Dove milk chocolates in my cupboard, and proceeded to snack mindlessly. If you have ever had a Dove chocolate bar, you may know that the foil wrappers include adorable anecdotes, encouraging you to â€Å"take a well-deserved bubble bath†, or reminding you that â€Å"when two hearts race, both win†. After merely two chocolates (I swear), I came across a wrapper that I found somewhat hysterical in nature. â€Å"Follow your instincts,† it beckoned, and I wanted to laugh out loud. What did this even mean? I began to think about the novel I was reading, Native Son. The main character, Bigger Thomas, was somewhat of a slave to his instincts. But were they even his? And thus, my own curiosity over existentialism and naturalism began. Though Richard Wright’s Native Son encompasses several traditional values of existentialism, the style and themes presented are primarily a reflection of the naturalistic movement in philosophy and literature. The philosophical studies of human beings, existentialism and naturalism, share a vital amount of similarities. But the distinctions between the two must be emphasized in order to better comprehend which style Richard Wright employed. Upon dissecting the style, themes, plot, and characters in Native Son, it is clear that naturalism was the predominant philosophical approach. Existentialism has been defined as a philosophical movement or tendency, accentuating individual existence, freedom and choice. The existentialists conclude that human choice is subjective, because individuals finally must make their own choices without help from such external standards as laws, ethical rules, or traditions. Life’s events are not predetermined, but rather are a series of moments. â€Å"Human existence, then, cannot be thought through categories appropriate to things: substance, event, process. There is something of an internal distinction in existence that undermines such attempts, a distinction that existential philosophers try to capture in the categories of ‘facticity’ and ‘transcendence. ’ To be is to co-ordinate these opposed moments in some way, and who I am, my essence, is nothing but my manner of co-ordinating them,† according to â€Å"Existentialism as Philosophy†. Because individuals make their own choices, they are free, but because they freely choose, they are completely responsible for their choices. The existentialists emphasize that freedom is necessarily accompanied by responsibility. Furthermore, since individuals are forced to choose for themselves, they have their freedom—and therefore their responsibility —thrust upon them. They are â€Å"condemned to be free. † â€Å"The term naturalism describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings,† says Donna M. Campbell in â€Å"Naturalism in American Literature†. Naturalism is more of a philosophical study than literary technique. Naturalistic writers regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will, adopting instead, in large measure, the biological determinism of Charles Darwin and the economic determinism of Karl Marx. Naturalism in literature is, in essence, an approach that proceeds from an analysis of reality in terms of natural forces like heredity, environment, and physical drives. Naturalism has its roots in the renaissance, its backgrounds in the Middle Ages. Authors in the Naturalist movement tended to deal with the harsh aspects of life. The subject matter in naturalist works differs from realism in that it often deals with those raw and unpleasant experiences which reduce characters to shameful behavior in their struggle to survive. These characters are mostly from the lower middle or the lower classes. They are poor, uneducated, and unsophisticated. Naturalism and Existentialism have several similarities. Both philosophical means of studying human nature â€Å"belongs to intellectual history†. They strive to bring a strong sense of objectivity and â€Å"coldness† to their studies. They are based upon reasoning and logic, and want to see human beings scientifically. The key difference between naturalism and existentialism is the exercise of free will, and the individual’s ability to find meaning in their life. Naturalist perspective argues that humans cannot dictate their own lives. Their belief is that an individual’s life is determined by its environment, heredity, circumstances, and so forth, whereas existentialists are based upon the concept of the individual acting out of free will. The purpose of life is to reject outside authorities or impacts on one’s life. Therefore the essential question referring to Native Son is; does Bigger take control of his own life, or is his life established by his surrounding circumstances? The plot of Native Son contains examples of both existentialism (arguably) and naturalism. Primary models of existentialism would be the Bigger’s murders of Mary Dalton and Bessie. His reaction is not one of regret, but one of euphoria; â€Å"He had done this. He had brought all this about. In all of his life these two murders were the most meaningful things that had ever happened to him. † Bigger’s possibilities have always been stunted by racism, but after these murderous acts, he is â€Å"free† to act (and to live with the consequences of these actions) for the first time. Even though these consequences ultimately mean flight and imprisonment, this feeling of self-assertion and personal control nonetheless remains liberating and intoxicating for Bigger. This action brought Bigger â€Å"outside his family now, over and beyond them†. Other important existentialist passages surround the mother figures in Bigger’s life. The first is his mother, who sings a spiritual song early in the story. Bigger becomes annoyed with this, showing his need to move past religious authority to find his own meaning. The rejection of religion is a very common feature of existentialism, particularly for philosophers such as Sartre and Nietzche. Nietzsche proclaimed â€Å"Gods too decompose. God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. † Sartre elaborates on this bold statement by saying that â€Å"nothing will be changed if God does not exist; we shall rediscover the same norms of honesty, progress and humanity, and we shall have disposed of God as an out-of-date hypothesis which will die away quietly of itself. † The second instance is Mrs. Dalton, who he somewhat compares to his mother. In their conversation in the Daltons’ kitchen, Bigger notices that Mrs. Dalton seems to want him to do â€Å"the things she felt that he should have wanted to do,† rather than the things his mother imposes upon him. Despite his dislike towards Mrs. Dalton, she gets Bigger to start thinking about his own desires, and how he wants to live. Naturalism, on the other hand, makes up quite a majority of the book. Bigger, whom the focus revolves around, is a naturalist character. He fits all of the technical traits of a naturalistic â€Å"hero†; they are â€Å"Frequently but not invariably ill-educated or lower-class characters whose lives are governed by the forces of heredity, instinct, and passion. † Even Bigger’s actions that give him a sense of meaning by going against the norm are cases of him following instincts. And his instincts are based off of passions that are determined by his environment and past. For example, Bigger often feels enraged, ashamed, and fearful. All of these emotions come as a result of him feeling as though he is overstepping a social boundary, or he thinks he is being mocked for his race or social status. â€Å"The moment a situation became so that it excited something in him, he rebelled. That was the way he lived; he passed his days trying to defeat or gratify powerful impulses in a world he feared. † When he stifled these feelings, he was playing into his surroundings, and when he acted upon them, he was a product of his environment. The primary tone and style in which the novel was written reflects naturalist ideals. While reading Native Son, I felt an eerie detachment from the story and the characters. It is not entirely cold, but the style effectively forces the reader to realize that this is a unique type of hero. Through a methodical examination of the human nature of the story, it accomplishes a naturalistic way of making the reader come to this conclusion. â€Å"Today Bigger Thomas and that mob are strangers, yet they hate. They hate because they fear, and they fear because they feel that the deepest feelings of their lives are being assaulted and outraged. And they do not know why; they are powerless pawns in a blind play of social forces. † This examination of human beings displays a very scientific approach to cause-and-effect instances in human nature, as well as the inability to exercise free will over circumstances. In Wright’s essay, â€Å"How Bigger was Born†, he discusses Bigger as chiefly a combination of many real relationships and political metaphors. â€Å"Bigger’s relationship with white America, both North and South,†¦I had to depict,†¦I had to make known once again, alas; a relationship whose effects are carried by every Negro, like scars, somewhere in his body and mind. † Because Native Son is Bigger’s story, and Bigger is a naturalist human being, the novel is naturalistic as well. Any example of existentialism can be argued as yet another result of Bigger’s lifelong struggles. The â€Å"instincts† Bigger followed, whether or not dictated by a chocolate wrapper, were essentially naturalistic. Works Cited †¢http://www. crsd. org/505208273510200/lib/505208273510200/Existentialism_Overview. doc †¢http://static. dpsk12. org/gems/dsa/SartreonExistentialism. doc †¢http://www. tameri. com/csw/exist/exist. html †¢Campbell, Donna M. â€Å"Naturalism in American Literature. † Literary Movements. . †¢http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/naturalism/ †¢Nietzsche, Friedrich. â€Å"God is Dead†. †¢http://static. dpsk12. org/gems/dsa/HowBiggerWasBorn. doc †¢http://static. dpsk12. org/gems/dsa/NaturalismAmerLit. doc.

Not Enough Drinking Water Essay

Pop culture has recently become obsessed with trying to provide clean drinking water to those who do not have it. This is a pathetic issue to choose to fix. These poor people are a waste of space and need to learn how to fix their own problems instead of turning to the reach to fix them. Do you think the rich got rich by relying on other people? No. They found easy solutions to their difficult problems. People have wasted tons of money on giving these people clean water supplies when there are cheap solutions to get the job done. For one these people should just drink their own urine. It is full of vitamins and nutrients that at the time the body doesn’t need but will at a later date. It also would make an endless cycle and the people would always have a supply of it. Drinking urine would be almost completely free, all that would be needed would be some kind of bottle to collect and contain it in until it was needed again. With this solution every person would have their very own source of water and people would never have to fight over it or share supplies again. It would also teach people to become much more self-sufficient because they are supplying their own source of life. Another easy solution is to make the people of these very poor areas used to not having any water by contaminating the little supply they have and forcing them to become assimilated to their new way of life. This is a perfect example of natural selection, the most fit will survive and be able to reproduce while the rest will die off. This will cause future generations of people to be well adapted to having little water and let them live much longer. This would be completely cost free; the only thing that would need to be done is some mud will need to be thrown into the large sources of drinking water. Some people feel that giving these pathetic people drinking water or drilling wells will fix the problems but they won’t this will only make the problem worse by showing these people that they can always rely on other people. Giving them other ways to get safe water is a complete waste of time and money. The world needs to see this fact and ban together to follow cheaper easier and faster ways of helping these poor pathetic people.

Mother Tongue Language And Mathematics Essay

In what ways does your mother tongue language and mathematics resemble and differ from each other? Mathematics and language both act as a source of communication, thus both mathematics and language play an important role in life. According to the dictionary, language is defined as a â€Å"communication of thoughts and feelings through a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols.† In comparison, the dictionary defines mathematics as a â€Å"the study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols.† Both language and mathematics use symbols, thus both concept are seen as a form of communication. The symbols represent values, which can be understood by the human mind. Language is defined as a code, and both the mother tongue and mathematics are made up of unique symbols that are consistent in their rules in order to be understood properly. Mathematics is a very complex, straightforward concept that has fixed meanings. If x = y = z, then x = y, x = z and y = z. This is a universal phenomenon accepted world wide. Mathematics has been used in the study of science. An example would be the physician Albert Einstein and the discovery of his equation e = mc2. Mathematics is composed of a combination of factors, which can be simplified and broken down. Factorisation of equations is an example. However, if an equation can be factored, then there is only possibility in which it can be broken down. Each equations has its universal values that cannot be altered. Even though mathematics exemplifies logic, it is not as simple to understand. In order to understand the concept of mathematics, a person has to learn a language first. Whether the language is English, French, Spanish or German does not matter. Mathematics is a fundamental base of our daily life and society, but it is not as essential as the communication between humans through the usage of language. Language is a much simpler concept than mathematics. Language does not have a fixed meaning or value, whereas this is the case in mathematics. 5 + 3 = 8. This is always true, it cannot be denied due to the mathematical code and its rule. In language this is not the case. Statements can be understood of accepted differently according to the individual. For example, Anna says to Tom, â€Å"I really like you.† This has no fixed meaning, because according to what tone this statement is said, it can either be true or false. Anna could emphasise through language that she in reality does like Tom. On the other hand, she has the ability to state it as a sarcastic phrase. This would mean, that in reality she doe not like Tom. Language also plays an important role in culture. Through language, the origin of individuals can be assumed. If somebody is mainly speaking German, then one can assume that the person is German. Even within the German language, different dialects are spoken. This makes language less specific than mathematics. There is the â€Å"Hoch-Deutsch† spoken in Germany, the Austrian German spoken in Austria and finally the Swiss German heard in Switzerland. Language is expressed in different forms, either written by the usage of symbols, orally through the usage of sounds and finally through the form of body language. Again, language illustrates a less specific concept than mathematics. All three forms can express certain values and one statement, such as â€Å"I like you† can be expressed in all three different forms. Even though both mathematics and language have codes, these can be misunderstood. In mathematics your result is an error, while in language misunderstandings can result in several problematic situations. The fundamental difference between mathematics and language is that one is universal in its concept, while the other is altered around the globe. Mathematics is universal, it has the same code throughout the world where 2 + 2 = 4 in every country. Language however, can be altered. If a Chinese speaks in Chinese to a Portuguese, it is unlikely that they will understand it each other. In conclusion, mathematics and language share both common concepts but also differ from each other. They are both essential for life, while language is the base to understand mathematics. The concept of mathematics has always been relevant in nature, such as 360à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ circles. Language is the invention of the human race in order to establish and maintain the communication between each other.

Alexander - Movie Historical Accuracy

Alexander Movie Historical Accuracy Essay Alexander the Great Who is Alexander and why is he so great? Born in Pella in 356 BC (Central Macedonia, Greece) Alexander was one of the most successful military commanders in history, winning his first battle at the age of 16. By the age of 20 he was the king of his homeland Macedonia succeeding his father Philip II after he was assassinated. By 25 Alexander had conquered the known world (from Greece, Egypt to Pakistan). British Historian Tom Holland described him as ‘the ultimate conqueror’ The Film The film is based on Alexander the Great, the military commander and King of Macedonia, and his life experiences, hardships and triumphs. Directed by Oliver Stone, the cast included Colin Farrell, Anthony Hopkins, Angelina Jolie, Val Kilmer and Jared Leto and was shot in locations such as England, Morocco and Thailand. Overall the historical action film received poor ratings. 16% from Rotten Tomatoes, 2/4 from Roger Ebert, 5.5/10 from IMDb and 39% from Metacritic. Bucephalus Alexander commemorated his conquests by naming over 70 military forts Alexandria, after himself and 1 Bucephala for his horse Bucephalus. Bucephalus originally was strong and untameable by even King Phillips best riders however a 13 year old Alexander tames the stallion, realising the horse is afraid of its own shadow he turns it towards the sun. Bucephalus served Alexander in numerous battles but died due to fatal injuries at the Battle of the Hydaspes (June 326 BC). The film captures the taming and death of Bucephalus perfectly according to historical accounts in 344 BC. Ptolemy The film begins with Ptolemy as he narrates Alexanders story, reciting his memories to a scribe in Alexandria, Egypt. Ptolemy (367 BC – c. 283 BC) actually fought alongside Alexander in his conquests as a Macedonian general and became ruler of Egypt in 323 BC. In the film Ptolemy refers to the hero as â€Å"Alexander the Great,† however history shows that the â€Å"Great† was not added until much later, in Roman times. Alexanders Parents Stone recreated the scarred right eye of Alexanders father, Philip II as he lost his eye to a Greek arrow during the siege of Methone in 354B.C. Alexanders mother Olympias convinced Alexander that Phillip was not his father and that he was the son of Zeus himself, when one night in the form of a snake he impregnated her. Angelina Jolie’s portrayal is very historically similar to Olympias, who was the fourth of Philips seven wives and was believed to kill Philip or hire someone to kill him in 336 BC. Battle Scene Alexander had to fight the battle of Granicus, Siege of Tyre, Issus and Gaugamela to eventually beat King Darius however the film only has 1 battle which is actually an amalgamation of two battles fought between the them (Gaugamela and Issus). The Macedonian military equipment seen in the battle was accurately reproduced due to the director’s historical consultant Fiona Greenland, an oxford graduate. However in the film, Alexander wore a lions-head helmet. According to Plutarch, Alexander wore a burnished iron helmet molded for him by the Greek craftsman Theophilus. Stone apparently decided to fashion a battle helmet based on later representation of Alexander as Heracles. Additionally there is an outstanding representation of the Macedonian infantry phalanx wielding their 17ft long spears. Before the Battle Before the battle, Alexander says to the Macedonians â€Å"for the glory of Greece.† Ancient sources however write that Alexander didn’t fight for Greece but for Macedonia. Three ancient historians detailed Alexander’s speech to the army before the battle and each one of them made a clear distinction between Greeks, Macedonians, Thracians and Illyrians as four distinct civilizations that made Alexanders army. This created confusion throughout Oliver Stone’s film whether the people from Macedon differed from other Greeks. Ironically the film synopsis indicates a distinction between Macedonians and Greeks. It reads: â€Å"Alexander led his virtually invincible Greek and Macedonian troops.† http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/AlexandertheGreat.html http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-the-great-9180468 http://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-the-Great http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/alexander_the_great.shtml http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/alexander-the-great http://www.ancient.eu/Alexander_the_Great/ http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/alexanderdeath.htm http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/472665667520/secret-life-of-alexander-the-great https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Alexander_the_Great https://www.archaeological.org/pdfs/papers/AIA_Alexander_Review.pdf http://www.boxofficemojo.com/features/?id=1601 http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AlexanderOliverStone.html http://www.moviemistakes.com/film4636/corrections https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_(2004_film) https://prezi.com/i_s3bsfd388w/was-the-movie-alexander-the-great-historically-accurate-and/ https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070520132655AAvGt9v http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0346491/ Books: Jennifer Lawlwss Unlocking the past: Preliminary Studies in the Ancient World (1996) Jennifer Lawlwss Unlocking the past: 2nd Edition Toni Hurley Antiquity textbook Louise Chipley Slavicek Heroes and Villains: Alexander the Great (2005) Michael Wood In the footsteps of Alexander the Great (2001) Laura Foreman – The epic story of the warrior king Alexander the Conqueror Steven Pressfield The Virtues of War: A Novel of Alexander the Great (2004) Paul Anthony Cartledge Alexander the Great (2004) Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprià ¨re Hammond The Genius of Alexander the Great (1997) Michael Alvear Alexander the Great: The Man Who Brought the World to Its Knees (2004)

The Greco-Roman Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Greco-Roman Tradition - Essay Example Every hero also has his own personal characteristics that help to make him the kind of person he is, and these are the aspects of the hero that people around him witness and perceive. Homer’s Odyssey talks about how Odysseus laments the death of Achilles and wishes for humility and trust within humanity rather than the achievements he had wished for at war. Here it has been explained how a hero’s quality has a necessity towards his life and those of others around him; how he must be able to stand away from the general jibes and finally, how the present culture depicts a part of him. Thus, through this tragedy, Greek Myth-o-poetic tradition has been able to help people understand the kind of idealism heroes must contain. Stoicism on the other hand is an aspect of life that involves a person to withdraw from any kind of frivolities and fun; it is helps a person to retain himself from the pursuit of adventure and happiness that life brings about, and in turn, teaches one t o remain calm and composed despite any kind of circumstance that he may be thrust within. This is very opposite of most Greek tragedies and dramas because they help to portray the vision of a hero with the help of his emotions and feelings.

New Mexico and the American West Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New Mexico and the American West - Assignment Example As such the major goal was supply water to the cities and the farms. Notably the Colorado River water was diverted to phoenix. The fourth stage involved the analysis of water issues concerning storage. This happened from 1998 to the present day. As such, conservation of water, removal of Glen canyon dam, climatic changes as well as finding a future water hole were brought in the limelight. Colorado River basin project offered a much more diversified approach in balancing the local and imported water resource developments with the increased demand for the side management required to satisfy the current water demand as well as the future demands Response to 2 According to phoenix metro Arizona has had 6.4 million people by 2012 while New Mexico had 2 million people. Conflicts over land in Arizona have been dominated by the Anglo, however, a huge conflicts exist over the US Mexican border. In New Mexico, conflicts with the over the border are not extensive. The population in Arizona was much lower than New Mexico during the Spanish colonization. Politically, Arizona is more conservative than New Mexico. Arizona immigration law passed in Arizona but, it failed in New Mexico. In Arizona, agriculture is on the declining rate while in New Mexico it is on the increasing rate. The Spanish presence in Arizona lower than that in New Mexico due to the fewer number of the natives, implying that only few souls could be converted, thus low amount of money The major difference between Arizona and New Mexico is that majority of the population in New Mexico are the natives while in Arizona has inhabitants from different regions. As such, Arizona has more stringent rules regarding immigration, as opposed to New Mexico Response to 3 The period I between1848-1865 is characterized by the onset of mining. As such, the Yuma and Wickenburg were gold mining towns. Period II between 1866-1878, this period is characterized by the Mormons and the wealth harvesting, Mormon farming towns inc luded, the small Colorado towns of St John’s, snowflake as well as, the Safford, mesa, Tempe and Thatcher. Additionally, crops were cultivated and later on sold to the miners for the Mormon mercantile functions. Notably, phoenix grew as a farming town. Period III between1879-1899 was characterized by transportation and copper, during this period the sante Fe, and the southern pacific railroads were built and linked in the national grid. Towns like Tombstone grew as a silver mining town, and Flagstaff grew as timber town. Period IV between1900-1939 was characterized by the five Cs, copper, cattle, cotton, and climate. Period V also known as the post 1940 was characterized by a shift in the economy where mining and agriculture declined while service and the manufacturing industry increased. Additionally, this was the period for the Urbana Arizona Whose population grew from 500, 000 to about 6.5 million in 2012. This period is also characterized by a massive demographic force wh ere it was viewed as a burial ground for the wealthy and a place for relaxation Response to 4 Essential elements of Navajo culture include, the for sacred mountains which are, the east sierra Blanca depicting faith and thinking, the south Mount Taylor depicts planning, the west Mt Humphrey depicts love and life. Additionally, the ceremonies performed include singing, the blessing away, as well, sand paintings or healing purposes. The Hozho, depicts a

CEATIVE WRITING SHORT STORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CEATIVE WRITING SHORT STORY - Essay Example Professor Sam dedicated his entire inheritance to his project of finding aliens and other intelligent being in deep space spending millions of dollars in telescopes, communication equipment and other scientific devices. He was mocked by the scientific community and the academe doubted the professor that he was seldomly invited for any speaking engagement nor asked to lecture in the universities. Still, Professor Sam insisted that an intelligent being exists in deep space and may also be equally curious to find other intelligent beings in the same manner that we do or in his case, he does. Professor’s daily ritual involves checking the log of his interspace radar for any signs of unidentified flying objects. He also adjust his telescopes from time to time as he try to explore the deep skies. It has been like these for years and for years, the poor professor has been mocked. If not for his inheritance, the good professor may have been sleeping in the streets because his projects were funded by his inheritance. Until one day his radar registered an unusual bleep. At first Professor Sam did not take it seriously but it became persistent for weeks. Then on a sunny Monday morning, the Professor heard an audible voice on his com. At first they were not able to understand it but the Professor became ecstatic because the voice came from an intelligent being. Months have passed and they were able to developed a decoder and for the first time they understood the voice on the com. It said â€Å"This Captain Explorer of Planet XYZ in the Obscura Galaxy, if anyone can hear me please respond†. Professor Sam ecstatically replied and two communicated for months until an arrangement of a visit was finalized. The world was captivated by the Professor’s discovery. Suddenly, the world’s attention was now focused on the Professor and it made him an instant celebrity. From being a weird, unknown, obscured and even a loathed scientist to popular, well-loved

Obsessive-Complusive PD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Obsessive-Complusive PD - Essay Example Most of their waking hours are spent in worrying about unwanted thoughts and mental images (Hyman & Pedrick, 2009, p.7). People suffering from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are incapable of leading a normal life as their obsession draws most of their energy, and most of their actions are influenced by their obsessions. Hence, the only way to cure the Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is to manage the obsessive thoughts through different psychological therapies, as only by managing and understanding the nature of obsessive and compulsive thoughts can one manage the obsessive-compulsive behavior. Definition To understand OCD, it is important to define the words ‘obsession’ and ‘compulsion’. DSM-IV (1994) defines obsession as â€Å"persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress† (Jakes, 1996, p.6). DSM-IV (1994) defines compulsions as â€Å"the r epetitive behavior and mental acts† which are intended â€Å"to remove anxiety or distress and not to provide pleasure or gratification† (Jakes, 1996, p.6). Hence, according to DSM-IV (1994), OCD can be diagnosed when the excessiveness and the unreasonable nature of the obsessive and compulsive behavior and thoughts is realized by the people suffering from it (Jakes, 1996, p.6). ... To cure OCD, it is necessary to understand the cause of it. Nature Of OCD Researches in past 60 years have found that OCD is a disorder that depends on different factors (Pauls, Alsobrook, Goodman, Rasmussen & Leckman, 1995, p.76), and hence, it is not easy to reach the conclusion regarding its nature. Familial history was found to be factor in some cases of OCD, while in other cases, there was no evidence of familial history (Pauls et al., 1995, p.76). This shows that the basis of OCD is still controversial. It was widely believed that the genes are responsible for the OCD in human beings (Arnold & Richter, 2001, p. 1353). However, no specific genetic factor has been identified as responsible for OCD (Arnold & Richter, 2001, p. 1353). This led the researchers to believe that when the â€Å"underlying genetic susceptibility† interacts with the environmental risk factors, then it results in obsessive-compulsive behavior pattern and leads to development of OCD in that person (Ar nold & Richter, 2001, p. 1353). Hence, it is very necessary to detect the OCD as soon as the symptoms start appearing in a person. However, it has been found that most of the times, OCD goes undetected. OCD is not common in young children (Heyman, Fombonne, Simmons, Ford, Meltzer & Goodman, 2001, p.324). However, the rate of OCD in young adults in their puberty has been found to be increasing (Heyman et al., 2001, p.324). Hence, it is important to detect OCD early to manage it in behavior. Researches in many countries have revealed that one out of every forty people suffer from OCD (Hyman & Pedrick, 2009, p.17). OCD develops gradually in personality (Hyman & Pedrick, 2009, p.19). However, an unexpected distressing event in

Kaizen Costing and Target Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Kaizen Costing and Target Costing - Essay Example Target Costing Process: Mostly companies use target costing to project visible cost targets for any new products they seek to establish in the market. The targets set by companies are very aggressive. The idea behind this approach is to maximize cost control and ensure that profit is as steep as possible. The process begins when a company's top management establishes its target cost for the new product. For instance a Chrysler Neon or Caterpillar Excavator. The cost estimating group in the company will break the costs for the whole product into cost targets for sub-assemblies and individual components of the product. These could be engine, the transmission seats, the steering, the gear, the covers, the paddle, the clutches etc. Mostly a gap exists between the target costs as well as the cost projections for the new product based on current designs and manufacturing capabilities of the product. The real deal lies in narrowing down the gap that exists between the cost projections and target costs through cost reduction. This is where the cross functional teams come into play. By analyzing modes of manufacturing involved, process associated with the product, the raw material requirements and the costs, they figure out the cost saving opportunities. The following paragraphs will focus on the approach applied by DaimlerChrysler and Caterpillar deployed target costing in their companies. In these companies, target costing is supported by a matrix organizational structure which has both horizontal as well as vertical functional teams.

Assignment AdvanceTopicManagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment AdvanceTopicManagement - Essay Example According, employees interest such as legal right has been compromised to customer and employers interest. Based on three journals regarding CSR, it carries out investigation on this common CSR misbehaviour problems by Chinese manufacturers, analyzes reason, current development and solution for this matter. Fiedman & Lee (2013) introduce that agency theory is a concept that explains why behavior or decisions by member of group, it provides a platform to explain relationship between agency and shareholders. It suggests that management of firms is undertaken on behalf of shareholder can improve the operation efficiency and increase profitability. In another hand, they explain that agency theory can be used to explain the failure CSR. The first article is about the Harmonious Society and its relations on Chinese CSR by Kok 2009. The second article is about Remaking the World of Chinese Labour and it deals with the key problems in the Chinese manufacturing industry by (Friedman and Lee 2013). The third article is Agency theory and it reviews the business problems in China. This article is a Strategic CSR or stakeholder theory emphasizes the balance among varieties of stakeholders, emphasizes the balance between social impact and economic impact during CSR implementation (Kok,2009). The article is a Comparative literature reviews on CSR development, exploration, to explore that how Harmonious Society will contribute to increasing CSR engagement. However, as employee, customer and employer etc are located in different positions. It is accompanying with power and interest conflicts, which is hard to be balanced (Martin Samy, 2010). The paper concluded that Hu Jintaos harmonious society is unlikely to promote CSR in China. Despite the harmonious society created by Chine President, the country still continues to violate labor laws which are leading to poor working conditions. This is with regard to the large number of manufacturing